Project ForgeA reverse osmosis unit treats feed water (F) containing fluoride and its output consists of a permeate stream (P) and a reject stream (R). Let CF, CP, and CR denote the fluoride concentrations in the feed, permeate, and reject streams, respectively. Under steady state conditions, the volumetric flow rate of the reject is 60% of the volumetric flow rate of the inlet stream, and CF=2 mg/L and CP=0.1 mg/L. The value of CR in mg/L, up to one digit after the decimal point, is _____
Explanation
Basis F=100: R=60, P=40. Fluoride balance: F·CF=P·CP+R·CR ⟹ 100×2=40×0.1+60×CR ⟹ 200=4+60CR ⟹ CR=196/60≈3.27≈3.3 mg/L.
Source: GATE CH 2013 (2013)
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