Instrumentation & Process Control
Controller Modes
GATE 2009
Easy
The roots of the characteristic equation of an underdamped second order system are
- Areal, negative and equal
- Breal, negative and unequal
- Creal, positive and unequal
- complex conjugates
Explanation
By definition, an underdamped system (0<ζ<1) has a pair of complex conjugate roots.
Source: GATE CH 2009 (2009)
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