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Instrumentation & Process Control
Controller Modes
GATE 2009
Easy

The roots of the characteristic equation of an underdamped second order system are

  • Areal, negative and equal
  • Breal, negative and unequal
  • Creal, positive and unequal
  • complex conjugates

Explanation

By definition, an underdamped system (0<ζ<1) has a pair of complex conjugate roots.

Source: GATE CH 2009 (2009)

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